One of the central findings from our sizing exercise is the importance of interoperability in generating maximum value from IoT applications. We estimate that situations in which two or more IoT systems must work together can account for about 40 percent of the total value that can be unlocked by the Internet of Things.8 In our estimation of IoT’s maximum potential, we have included the benefits of interoperability; Without these benefits, the maximum value of the applications we size would be only about $7 trillion per year in 2025, rather than $11.1 trillion (Exhibit 2). Some of the largest benefits of interoperability might be…
Author: neha
We have seen the complexity that underlies the seemingly simple questions of ‘‘Where is Africa’’ and ‘‘who is African.’’ The task of defining for sociological study a people who are both geographically and genetically dispersed is extremely challenging. Additional complication results when we ask the next question. What is African? Here we simply raise the logical question of which institutions, customs, values, institutions, cultural features, and social forms can be characterized or labeled as distinctively African. The survival (albeit in evolved form) of indigenous African customs, values, and institutions is remarkable, especially considering the abundance of historical barriers and complications.…
Due to historical context, we have seen there are no simple answers to the basic questions for orienting any scientific, sociological study of Africa and her people. The African diaspora has been uniquely shaped by experiences of conquest and domination, resistance and survival. The experiences of slavery, colonization, and external domination have left in their wake considerable devastation. Yet one also sees the amazing strength of a people able to adapt and diversify, and to love and live, and ultimately continue to be. Studies of African people and institutions commonly reveal the creative retention of authentic or indigenous traits. Such…
The dismissal of the importance of African studies preceded its acceptance as a scholarly discipline. While clearly diminished today, the white male Eurocentric focus has historically dominated university curricula. Both grassroots and academic movements pointed to the need for recognition of the African contribution to world and American culture. The early to mid-1900s saw the emergence of black intellectuals in Africa (e.g., Léopold Sédar Senghor, Patrice Lumumba, Cheikh Anta Diop), the Caribbean (Frantz Fanon, Aimé Césaire, Claude McKay), and America (W.E.B. Du Bois, Langston Hughes, Anna Julia Cooper), who spoke of parallel movements based on the assumption that black people…
There now is substantial evidence that the decisions that individuals make during early adulthood have important consequences for their life circumstances in late life. Studies of retirement income provide perhaps the best illustration of this research domain. The strongest predictor of retirement income is occupational history. Throughout adulthood, individuals ‘‘sort themselves’’ into jobs that differ not only in income, but also in benefits (i.e., total compensation packages). Of these, the availability and quality of pensions is most important for retirement income. There is strong evidence that the provision of pensions differs not only by occupation, but also by industrial sector…
There are three major forms of beverages containing alcohol (ethanol) that are regularly consumed. Wine is made from fermentation of fruits and usually contains up to 14 percent of ethanol by volume. Beer is brewed from grains and hops and contains 3 to 6 percent ethanol. Liquor (whisky, gin, vodka, and other distilled spirits) is usually 40 percent (80 proof) to 50 percent (100 proof) ethanol. A bottle of beer (12 ounces), a glass of wine (4 ounces), and a cocktail or mixed drink with a shot of whiskey in it, therefore, each have about the same absolute alcohol content,…
Here’s a little-known fact: If you crush garlic and chop broccoli and then let them rest before you cook them, you significantly increase their power to fight cancer and heart disease. Crushing or chopping garlic and letting it sit a few minutes releases antiplatelet enzymes that help prevent coronary artery blockages. But whole garlic cloves, once they’ve been cooked, offer no heart benefit at all. Neither does garlic that’s been microwaved. A similar phenomenon occurs with broccoli. Studies show that chopping it up, then letting it sit for forty minutes before cooking, releases the cancer-fighting compound sulforaphane, which would otherwise…
Introduction A well-designed detox plan starts with food, but food isn’t the only mechanism that can enhance detoxification. Sleep, relaxation, and movement are also powerful ways to support the detox process and create better health. There are plenty of tools I keep in my detox tool box, but the three most important for you to use during your program are the following: Actively relax. No, I don’t mean sitting on the couch watching Netflix. I mean meditating, deep breathing, yoga, journaling, or spending quality time with friends and family. Move your body. There are so many benefits to gain from…
Here is a classic example of what happens when you try to outsmart Mother Nature. Rather than accept the fact that we’re eating too much sugar and try to eat less, we look for a magic loophole—an easy way to avoid doing the smart thing. We saw it with Tran’s fats and margarine, which were created as replacements for butter but turned out to be unsafe for human consumption. And it is happening again with artificial sweeteners. There are five that have received FDA approval—saccharin (Sweet’N Low), acesulfame (Sunett, Sweet One), aspartame (NutraSweet, Equal, and others), sucralose (Splenda), and neotame,…
Sugar alcohols are the mystery sweeteners, with weird names and murky origins. They’re derived from plants such as fruits and vegetables, and they’re used mainly by food manufacturers in everything from candy and bubble gum to cough drops and chewable vitamins. Unlike artificial sweeteners, which can be thousands of times sweeter than sugar, sugar alcohols are usually less sweet. And they have calories, though many fewer than sugar, and we don’t absorb them very well. They’re easy to identify on food labels—their names end in the suffix “-ol,” for instance, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, and malitol. Some experts recommend consuming these…